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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Finnische Methode</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Die <b>Finnische Methode</b> (auch als <i>Referenzwirkungsgradmethode</i><sup id="cite_ref-lak-eb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lak-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bezeichnet, <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a></span> <span lang="en-Latn" style="font-style:italic">alternative generation method</span>) ist eine <a href="Allokation_(%C3%96kobilanz)" title="Allokation (Ökobilanz)">Allokations</a>methode zur Aufteilung des Brennstoffeinsatzes auf die erzeugte <a href="W%C3%A4rme" title="Wärme">Wärme</a> und <a href="Elektrische_Energie" title="Elektrische Energie">elektrischen Energie</a> bei der <a href="Kraftw%C3%A4rmekopplung" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraftwärmekopplung">Kraftwärmekopplung</a> (KWK). Die Aufteilung erfolgt im Vergleich zu einem Referenzsystem (daher der Name <i>Referenzwirkungsgradmethode</i>). Zur Beschreibung des Brennstoffaufwands werden typischerweise <a href="Prim%C3%A4renergiebedarf" class="mw-redirect" title="Primärenergiebedarf">Primärenergiebedarf</a>, direkte <a href="CO2-Emissionen" class="mw-redirect" title="CO2-Emissionen">CO<sub>2</sub>-Emissionen</a> oder <a href="CO2-%C3%84quivalente" class="mw-redirect" title="CO2-Äquivalente">CO<sub>2</sub>-Äquivalente</a> herangezogen. Sie wird sowohl bei der Berechnung von <a href="Energiebilanz_(Energiewirtschaft)" title="Energiebilanz (Energiewirtschaft)">Energiebilanzen</a> ganzer Volkswirtschaften als auch zur Beurteilung einzelner KWK-Anlagen (z. B. <a href="Heizkraftwerk" title="Heizkraftwerk">Heizkraftwerke</a>) angewendet. Mit der Einführung des <a href="Kohlendioxidkostenaufteilungsgesetz" title="Kohlendioxidkostenaufteilungsgesetz">Kohlendioxidkostenaufteilungsgesetzes</a> (CO2KostAufG) wird diese Methode in Deutschland verwendet, um die direkten CO<sub>2</sub>-Emissionen der Wärmeerzeugung einer KWK-Anlage zu bestimmen, damit die Kosten aus der nationalen Bepreisung von CO<sub>2</sub>-Emissionen nach dem <a href="Brennstoffemissionshandelsgesetz" title="Brennstoffemissionshandelsgesetz">Brennstoffemissionshandelsgesetz</a> (BEHG) zwischen Mieter und Vermieter aufgeteilt werden können.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beschreibung_der_Methode">Beschreibung der Methode</h2></div>
<p>Im ersten Schritt wird berechnet, welche Brennstoffeinsparung die gekoppelte Wärme- und Stromerzeugung im Vergleich zu einem Referenzsystem erzielt hat. Das Referenzsystem verwendet dabei den gleichen Brennstoff, wie die KWK-Anlage, aber in zwei getrennten (also ungekoppelten) Prozessen. Für jeden Brennstoff und für jedes Land innerhalb der europäischen Union gibt es einen individuellen Satz an Referenzwirkungsgraden (<i>η</i><sub>th,Ref</sub> und <i>η</i><sub>el,Ref</sub>). Die relative Brennstoffeinsparung wird dann zu gleichen Teilen auf die gekoppelte Wärme- und Stromerzeugung aufgeteilt. Maßgebend ist hierbei die Aufteilung des Brennstoffbedarf des Referenzsystems. Ist die Aufteilung der Brennstoffeinsparung bekannt, werden die Aufwandszahlen, wie Primärenergiefaktor und CO<sub>2</sub>-Emissionsfaktor bestimmt.
</p><p>Die Aufteilung kann sowohl über die <a href="Wirkungsgrad" title="Wirkungsgrad">Wirkungsgrade</a>, als auch für die <a href="Nutzungsgrad" title="Nutzungsgrad">Nutzungsgrade</a> erfolgen. Typischerweise erfolgt die Berechnung über die Jahresnutzungsgrade einer KWK-Anlage.
</p><p>Zunächst werden über die thermische Jahresarbeit <i>W</i><sub>th,KWK</sub>, die elektrische Jahresarbeit <i>W</i><sub>el,KWK</sub> und den gesamten Jahresbrennstoffeinsatz <i>W</i><sub>Br,KWK</sub> für die KWK-Anlagen ein thermischer Wirkungsgrad <i>η</i><sub>th,KWK</sub> und ein elektrischer Wirkungsgrad <i>η</i><sub>el,KWK</sub> bestimmt:<sup id="cite_ref-ageb2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ageb2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ffe2010_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffe2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RL_2004/8/EG_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RL_2004/8/EG-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }={\frac {W_{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }={\frac {W_{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f4a9f023e342d772adf3367c8090c66a38a34414.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:20.517ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }={\frac {W_{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }={\frac {W_{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo>=</mo>
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<mi>W</mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
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<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }={\frac {W_{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7e2e0513fc8564e61c55f6d79583f91ecb90e022.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:20.151ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }={\frac {W_{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Zusammen mit den thermischen und elektrischen Wirkungsgraden des Referenzsystems <i>η</i><sub>th,Ref</sub> und <i>η</i><sub>el,Ref</sub> kann dann die Brennstoffeinsparung <i>BSE</i> gegenüber dem Referenzsystem bestimmt werden:<sup id="cite_ref-ageb2010_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ageb2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ffe2010_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffe2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RL_2004/8/EG_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RL_2004/8/EG-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle BSE=\left(1-{\frac {1}{{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}+{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}}}\right)\cdot 100\,\%}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>B</mi>
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<mi>E</mi>
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<mo>(</mo>
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<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
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<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
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</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
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<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
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</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
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</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
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<mo>)</mo>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mn>100</mn>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">%<!-- % --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle BSE=\left(1-{\frac {1}{{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}+{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}}}\right)\cdot 100\,\%}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ab1b434a3f1387211176c1c5573a70cbdf068582.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.171ex; width:40.871ex; height:9.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle BSE=\left(1-{\frac {1}{{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}+{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}}}\right)\cdot 100\,\%}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p><i>Anmerkung:</i> Da 100 % = 1 lässt sich die Formel alternativ auch ohne den Term „<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \cdot }">
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \cdot }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ba2c023bad1bd39ed49080f729cbf26bc448c9ba.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 0.439ex; margin-bottom: -0.61ex; width:0.647ex; height:1.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \cdot }" loading="lazy"></span> 100 %“ darstellen.
</p><p>In Deutschland sind die Referenznutzungsgrade in der ZuV 2020<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wie folgt definiert:
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>
</th>
<th>Steinkohle, Koks und sonstige feste Brennstoffe
</th>
<th>Braunkohle, Braunkohlebriketts
</th>
<th>Gasöl, Heizöl, Flüssiggas und sonstige flüssige Brennstoffe
</th>
<th>Erdgas und weitere gasförmige Brennstoffe
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta _{el,Ref}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta _{el,Ref}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d1a795d416054431333249f3989f6af7d65caabd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.019ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta _{el,Ref}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td>44,2 %
</td>
<td>41,8 %
</td>
<td>44,2 %
</td>
<td>52,5 %
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta _{th,Ref}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta _{th,Ref}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/04f897cc2dc6ac8083c91f2099a599330622782c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.303ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta _{th,Ref}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td>88 %
</td>
<td>86 %
</td>
<td>89 %
</td>
<td>90 %
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Über die Brennstoffeinsparung und die Wirkungsgrade kann dann der gesamte Brennstoffeinsatz <i>W</i><sub>Br,KWK</sub> auf einen Brennstoffeinsatz zur Wärmeerzeugung <i>W</i><sub>th,Br</sub> und einen Brennstoffeinsatz zur Stromerzeugung <i>W</i><sub>el,Br</sub> aufgeteilt werden:<sup id="cite_ref-ageb2010_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ageb2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {th,Br} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<mi>W</mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
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<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {th,Br} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8b0a3e3f827e1633f6264cbcd4a8d07b57a178cf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:40.972ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {th,Br} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {el,Br} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {el,Br} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f6492b9ef6e5c175999758035b30fa66dfaa76cd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:40.239ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {el,Br} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Der Brennstoffeinsatz wird dann im letzten Schritt mit der entsprechenden Allokationsgröße gewichtet. In Deutschland werden im Rahmen der Aufteilung der CO<sub>2</sub>-Emissionen einer Fernwärmeversorgung zwischen Mieter und Vermieter (siehe BEHG und CO2KostAufG) als Allokationsgröße die direkten Emissionen des Brennstoffbedarf für die Wärmeversorgung bestimmt.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{th}=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>C</mi>
<msub>
<mi>O</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{th}=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f6c2c1f55a2c6895522db3b31d0df6e7815ae5d4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:47.046ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{th}=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die thermische und elektrische Jahresarbeit in Bezug zum jeweiligen Brennstoffeinsatz ergibt den effektiven Wirkungsgrad des Teilprozesses.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {th,eff} }={\frac {W_{\mathrm {th} }}{W_{\mathrm {th,Br} }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {th,eff} }={\frac {W_{\mathrm {th} }}{W_{\mathrm {th,Br} }}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b5d6f077ee4d4ccffc6dcda8727abe4715a8ed0a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:15.532ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {th,eff} }={\frac {W_{\mathrm {th} }}{W_{\mathrm {th,Br} }}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {el,eff} }={\frac {W_{\mathrm {el} }}{W_{\mathrm {el,Br} }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {el,eff} }={\frac {W_{\mathrm {el} }}{W_{\mathrm {el,Br} }}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5c1a224ccbe8ee5955ba4dfc27cea024062989b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:14.8ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {el,eff} }={\frac {W_{\mathrm {el} }}{W_{\mathrm {el,Br} }}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herleitung_der_Brennstoffeinsparung">Herleitung der Brennstoffeinsparung</h2></div>
<p>Die Brennstoffeinsparung <i>BSE</i> gegenüber dem Referenzsystem <i>η</i><sub>th,Ref</sub> und <i>η</i><sub>el,Ref</sub> begründet sich wie folgt. Eine KWK-Anlage verwendet den Brennstoff <i>W</i><sub>Br,KWK</sub>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A=\eta _{el,KWK}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A=\eta _{el,KWK}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5c540dc75924e53551cd037db22804d57c12a5b1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.782ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A=\eta _{el,KWK}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q=\eta _{th,KWK}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Q</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q=\eta _{th,KWK}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7ba0c4a48d390a6fa624604fcea717bbee07a6af.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:24.161ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q=\eta _{th,KWK}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Darin sind <i>A</i> die Menge des durch die KWK-Anlage erzeugte Stroms und Q die durch die KWK-Anlage erzeugte Wärme.
</p><p>Das Referenzsystem benötigt für die gleiche Menge Strom und Wärme die folgende Menge an Brennstoff:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref,el} }+W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref,th} }={\frac {A}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}+{\frac {Q}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}={\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }\cdot W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}+{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }\cdot W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}=\left({\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}+{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}\right)\cdot W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>A</mi>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>Q</mi>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref,el} }+W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref,th} }={\frac {A}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}+{\frac {Q}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}={\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }\cdot W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}+{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }\cdot W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}=\left({\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}+{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}\right)\cdot W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c1476072b5d606de4c506b5589348b1999314c83.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:130.81ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref,el} }+W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref,th} }={\frac {A}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}+{\frac {Q}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}={\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }\cdot W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}+{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }\cdot W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}=\left({\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}+{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}\right)\cdot W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Brennstoffeinsparung ist die Differenz zwischen dem Brennstoffbedarf des ungekoppelten Referenzsystems <i>W</i><sub>Br,Ref</sub> und der Kuppelproduktion <i>W</i><sub>Br</sub>, bezogen auf das Referenzsystem.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle BSE={\frac {W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }-W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}{W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }}}=1-{\frac {W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}{W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }}}=1-\left({\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}+{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}\right)^{-1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle BSE={\frac {W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }-W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}{W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }}}=1-{\frac {W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}{W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }}}=1-\left({\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}+{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}\right)^{-1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/08ad722f78e05fbfada1a26319383d3923062a24.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:77.161ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle BSE={\frac {W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }-W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}{W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }}}=1-{\frac {W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }}{W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }}}=1-\left({\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}+{\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}\right)^{-1}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Im nächsten Schritt muss der Brennstoffbedarf auf Wärme und Strom verteilt werden. Als Basis dient der Brennstoffbedarf des Referenzsystem:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{el}={\frac {W_{Br,Ref,el}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{el}={\frac {W_{Br,Ref,el}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/79b9010a6a998756e4d372958b0360fb33c6d686.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:16.414ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{el}={\frac {W_{Br,Ref,el}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{th}={\frac {W_{Br,Ref,th}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{th}={\frac {W_{Br,Ref,th}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/97ca9a22d1159620cc25bb00421b911759e7ac33.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:16.983ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{th}={\frac {W_{Br,Ref,th}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Da <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref,el} }+W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref,th} }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref,el} }+W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref,th} }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0da3ab01010573bffcb422c4aeff6983db4e7329.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:31.323ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref,el} }+W_{\mathrm {Br,Ref,th} }}" loading="lazy"></span> ist, gilt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{el}+\alpha _{th}=1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{el}+\alpha _{th}=1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f4ca9f14dfedb55670ffd0326865638d3ea46967.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.338ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{el}+\alpha _{th}=1}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und es ergibt sich
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{el}={\frac {W_{Br,Ref,el}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {\frac {A}{\eta _{el,Ref}}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {\frac {W_{Br,KWK}\cdot \eta _{el,KWK}}{\eta _{el,Ref}}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {W_{Br,KWK}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}\cdot {\frac {\eta _{el,KWK}}{\eta _{el,Ref}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mfrac>
<mi>A</mi>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{el}={\frac {W_{Br,Ref,el}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {\frac {A}{\eta _{el,Ref}}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {\frac {W_{Br,KWK}\cdot \eta _{el,KWK}}{\eta _{el,Ref}}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {W_{Br,KWK}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}\cdot {\frac {\eta _{el,KWK}}{\eta _{el,Ref}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/06beb53e8fa10f1d8c659cd24a112c0f17b72d51.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:70.692ex; height:8.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{el}={\frac {W_{Br,Ref,el}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {\frac {A}{\eta _{el,Ref}}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {\frac {W_{Br,KWK}\cdot \eta _{el,KWK}}{\eta _{el,Ref}}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {W_{Br,KWK}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}\cdot {\frac {\eta _{el,KWK}}{\eta _{el,Ref}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{th}={\frac {W_{Br,Ref,th}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {\frac {Q}{\eta _{th,Ref}}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {\frac {W_{Br,KWK}\cdot \eta _{th,KWK}}{\eta _{el,Ref}}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {W_{Br,KWK}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}\cdot {\frac {\eta _{th,KWK}}{\eta _{th,Ref}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mfrac>
<mi>Q</mi>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{th}={\frac {W_{Br,Ref,th}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {\frac {Q}{\eta _{th,Ref}}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {\frac {W_{Br,KWK}\cdot \eta _{th,KWK}}{\eta _{el,Ref}}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {W_{Br,KWK}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}\cdot {\frac {\eta _{th,KWK}}{\eta _{th,Ref}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fe80fe25f6fd4e9a73d46fae16644b32b35015f0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:71.775ex; height:8.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{th}={\frac {W_{Br,Ref,th}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {\frac {Q}{\eta _{th,Ref}}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {\frac {W_{Br,KWK}\cdot \eta _{th,KWK}}{\eta _{el,Ref}}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}={\frac {W_{Br,KWK}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}\cdot {\frac {\eta _{th,KWK}}{\eta _{th,Ref}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Darin entspricht
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {W_{Br,KWK}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}=1-BSE}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {W_{Br,KWK}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}=1-BSE}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/83bfa807aed32f390aab62ebcd8fceb4931b7f77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:22.492ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {W_{Br,KWK}}{W_{Br,Ref}}}=1-BSE}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Somit ergibt sich
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {th,Br} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {th,Br} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8b0a3e3f827e1633f6264cbcd4a8d07b57a178cf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:40.972ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {th,Br} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {th,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {th,Ref} }}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {el,Br} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {el,Br} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f6492b9ef6e5c175999758035b30fa66dfaa76cd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:40.239ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {el,Br} }=W_{\mathrm {Br,KWK} }\cdot (1-BSE)\cdot {\frac {\eta _{\mathrm {el,KWK} }}{\eta _{\mathrm {el,Ref} }}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Berechnet man den thermischen und den elektrischen CO<sub>2</sub>-Emissionsfaktor, so werden die CO<sub>2</sub>-Emissionen der KWK-Anlage <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>C</mi>
<msub>
<mi>O</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/28ec34ef9cffc5b6db873cf773cf18e72ae026f9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:18.347ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}" loading="lazy"></span> gemäß der Allokationsfaktoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{el}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{el}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/087d167a6ade4680456603a63e47d9da9eb820f2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.976ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{el}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{th}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{th}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a49bb7eda68561c9346c88bf77a5ddc4b87d1168.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.26ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{th}}" loading="lazy"></span> auf Strom und Wärme aufgeteilt.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{el}=\alpha _{el}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>C</mi>
<msub>
<mi>O</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{el}=\alpha _{el}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/67ff782facba6b810c69e291b1b6ce23b60fc99b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:29.305ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{el}=\alpha _{el}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{th}=\alpha _{th}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{th}=\alpha _{th}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b6648423fd47385751d5ca2057b7f5c19201fc97.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:29.873ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{th}=\alpha _{th}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die spezifischen CO<sub>2</sub>-Emissionsfaktoren ergeben sich dann zu
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{CO_{2},el}={\frac {\alpha _{el}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}{A}}={\frac {\alpha _{el}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}}{\eta _{el,KWK}}}}">
<semantics>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{CO_{2},el}={\frac {\alpha _{el}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}{A}}={\frac {\alpha _{el}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}}{\eta _{el,KWK}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6f7bd0a1d6002097952f18d4313bd9ff52e6a040.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:49.099ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{CO_{2},el}={\frac {\alpha _{el}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}{A}}={\frac {\alpha _{el}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}}{\eta _{el,KWK}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{CO_{2},th}={\frac {\alpha _{th}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}{Q}}={\frac {\alpha _{el}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}}{\eta _{th,KWK}}}}">
<semantics>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{CO_{2},th}={\frac {\alpha _{th}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}{Q}}={\frac {\alpha _{el}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}}{\eta _{th,KWK}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/afd0645420deef771952b4c7e337c7472547c603.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:49.667ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{CO_{2},th}={\frac {\alpha _{th}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}\cdot W_{Br,KWK}}{Q}}={\frac {\alpha _{el}\cdot f_{CO_{2},Br}}{\eta _{th,KWK}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Zur Berechnung der Primärenergiefaktoren kann analog verfahren werden, wobei der Emissionsfaktor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{CO_{2},Br}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{CO_{2},Br}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c7e921d63373060036c55f36115ca1db4da70126.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.152ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{CO_{2},Br}}" loading="lazy"></span> durch den Primärenergiefaktor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{P,Br}}">
<semantics>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{P,Br}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cc08b9db51bbaff126d3483a50358fe085927cb2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.052ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{P,Br}}" loading="lazy"></span> ersetzt werden muss.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anwendungen_und_Abgrenzung">Anwendungen und Abgrenzung</h2></div>
<p>Die Finnische Methode wird bei der Erstellung von <a href="Energiebilanz_(Energiewirtschaft)" title="Energiebilanz (Energiewirtschaft)">Energiebilanzen</a> angewandt, konkurriert aber mit anderen Methoden. So wird die Finnische Methode beispielsweise bei den von der <a href="Arbeitsgemeinschaft_Energiebilanzen" title="Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen">Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen</a> für Deutschland erstellten Energiebilanzen angewendet, wobei Referenzwirkungsgrade von <i>η</i><sub>th,Ref</sub> = 80 % und <i>η</i><sub>el,Ref</sub> = 40 % angesetzt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-ageb2010_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ageb2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Energiebilanzen der deutschen Bundesländer werden ebenfalls mit der Finnischen Methode, allerdings mit Referenzwirkungsgraden von <i>η</i><sub>th,Ref</sub> = 90 % und <i>η</i><sub>el,Ref</sub> = 40 % bestimmt.<sup id="cite_ref-lak-eb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lak-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Im Gegensatz dazu verwenden z. B. <a href="International_Energy_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="International Energy Agency">International Energy Agency</a> (IEA), <a href="Organisation_f%C3%BCr_wirtschaftliche_Zusammenarbeit_und_Entwicklung" title="Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung">Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung</a> (OECD) und <a href="Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> eine andere Methode.<sup id="cite_ref-iea_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iea-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Gemäß der europäischen KWK-Richtlinie 2004/8/EG war die Verwendung der Finnischen Methode zur Bestimmung der Primärenergieeinsparung von einzelnen KWK-Anlagen vorgeschrieben.<sup id="cite_ref-RL_2004/8/EG_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RL_2004/8/EG-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diese Richtlinie wurde durch die Energie-Effizienz-Direktive (EED) 2012/27/EU abgelöst, in der in Anhang II die Primärenergieeinsparung (PEE) nach der gleichen Formel zu berechnen ist.<sup id="cite_ref-RL_2012/27/EU_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RL_2012/27/EU-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Neben der Finnischen Methode existieren <a href="#Siehe_auch">weitere Methoden</a> zur Berechnung der Primärenergieeinsparung und <a href="Allokation_(%C3%96kobilanz)" title="Allokation (Ökobilanz)">Allokation</a> von Brennstoffeinsätzen (und damit auch von <a href="CO2-Emission" class="mw-redirect" title="CO2-Emission">CO<sub>2</sub>-Emission</a>) auf Strom und Wärme.<sup id="cite_ref-ffe2010_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffe2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vor-_und_Nachteile">Vor- und Nachteile</h2></div>
<p>Laut VDI-Richtlinie 4661 „gibt [es] keine Methode, die insgesamt, d. h. nach thermodynamischen, wirtschaftlichen und ökologischen Kriterien gleichermaßen zwingend anzuwenden wäre“.<sup id="cite_ref-vdi4661_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vdi4661-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es ist jeweils zu prüfen, ob die Finnische Methode oder eine andere Methode „für den jeweils betrachteten Fall und den daraus resultierenden Aussagen besser oder schlechter geeignet“ ist.<sup id="cite_ref-ffe2010_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffe2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Als Vorteile der Finnischen Methode werden angegeben:
</p>
<ul><li>Es erfolgt keine Überbewertung der Brennstoffeinsparung.<sup id="cite_ref-ffe2010_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffe2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Es wird nicht nur die betrachtete KWK-Anlage selbst beurteilt, sondern ihre <a href="Energieeinsparung" title="Energieeinsparung">Energieeinsparung</a> zur ungekoppelten Strom- und Wärmeerzeugung.<sup id="cite_ref-ffe2010_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffe2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Es kommt zu keinen negativen Kennzahlen, wie es bei der Stromgutschriftmethode der Fall ist.</li></ul>
<p>Daneben werden folgende Nachteile angegeben:
</p>
<ul><li>Sie ist verhältnismäßig aufwändig.<sup id="cite_ref-kalt2013_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kalt2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Es müssen Annahmen zu Referenzanlagen und damit Referenzwirkungsgraden getroffen werden.<sup id="cite_ref-kalt2013_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kalt2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Referenzwirkungsgrade können in einem weiten Bereich streuen und haben daher einen starken Einfluss auf das Ergebnis.<sup id="cite_ref-ffe2010_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffe2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Carnot-Methode" title="Carnot-Methode">Carnot-Methode</a></li>
<li><a href="Restwertmethode" title="Restwertmethode">Restwertmethode</a></li>
<li><a href="%C3%84quivalenzziffermethode" title="Äquivalenzziffermethode">Äquivalenzziffermethode</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-lak-eb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lak-eb_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lak-eb_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Länderarbeitskreis Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.): <cite style="font-style:italic">Glossar zu den Energiebilanzen der Länder</cite>. März 2014 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lak-energiebilanzen.de/seiten/download/energiebilanzen/methodik/1.3%20Glossar.pdf">lak-energiebilanzen.de</a> [PDF; <span style="white-space:nowrap">252<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>kB</span>; abgerufen am 18. Januar 2015]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Finnische+Methode&rft.btitle=Glossar+zu+den+Energiebilanzen+der+L%C3%A4nder&rft.date=2014-03&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lak-energiebilanzen.de%2Fseiten%2Fdownload%2Fenergiebilanzen%2Fmethodik%2F1.3%2520Glossar.pdf">Originals</a></span> vom 4. März 2016 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) <small class="archiv-bot"><span class="wp_boppel noviewer" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="i"></span></span></span> <b>Info:</b> Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.</small><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://IABotmemento.invalid/http://www.lak-energiebilanzen.de/seiten/download/energiebilanzen/methodik/1.3%20Glossar.pdf">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lak-energiebilanzen.de/seiten/download/energiebilanzen/methodik/1.3%20Glossar.pdf">@2</a></span><span style="display:none">Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.lak-energiebilanzen.de</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ageb2010-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ageb2010_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ageb2010_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ageb2010_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ageb2010_2-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen e. V. (Hrsg.): <cite style="font-style:italic">Vorwort zu den Energiebilanzen für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland</cite>. November 2015, 3 <i>Aufteilung des Brennstoffeinsatzes auf die Produkte Strom und Wärme nach finnischer Methode</i>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>10</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/vorwort.pdf">ag-energiebilanzen.de</a> [PDF; <span style="white-space:nowrap">164<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>kB</span>; abgerufen am 21. Juli 2025]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abookitem&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Finnische+Methode&rft.atitle=3+Aufteilung+des+Brennstoffeinsatzes+auf+die+Produkte+Strom+und+W%C3%A4rme+nach+finnischer+Methode&rft.btitle=Vorwort+zu+den+Energiebilanzen+f%C3%BCr+die+Bundesrepublik+Deutschland&rft.date=2015-11&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=10" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ffe2010-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ffe2010_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ffe2010_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ffe2010_3-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ffe2010_3-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ffe2010_3-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ffe2010_3-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ffe2010_3-6">g</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Wolfgang Mauch, Roger Corradini, Karin Wiesemeyer und Marco Schwentzek: <cite style="font-style:italic">Allokationsmethoden für spezifische CO<sub>2</sub>-Emissionen von Strom und Wärme aus KWK-Anlagen</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Energiewirtschaftliche_Tagesfragen" title="Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen">Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>55</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>9</span>, 2010, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>12–14</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ffe.de/download/wissen/334_Allokationsmethoden_CO2/ET_Allokationsmethoden_CO2.pdf">ffe.de</a> [PDF; <span style="white-space:nowrap">2,3<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>MB</span>; abgerufen am 18. Januar 2015]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Finnische+Methode&rft.atitle=Allokationsmethoden+f%C3%BCr+spezifische+CO2-Emissionen+von+Strom+und+W%C3%A4rme+aus+KWK-Anlagen&rft.au=Wolfgang+Mauch%2C+Roger+Corradini%2C+Karin+Wiesemeyer+und+Marco+Schwentzek&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Energiewirtschaftliche+Tagesfragen&rft.pages=12-14&rft.volume=55" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-RL_2004/8/EG-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RL_2004/8/EG_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RL_2004/8/EG_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RL_2004/8/EG_4-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004L0008">Richtlinie 2004/8/EG des Europäischen Parlamentes und des Rates vom 11. Februar 2004 über die Förderung einer am Nutzwärmebedarf orientierten Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung im Energiebinnenmarkt und zur Änderung der Richtlinie 92/42/EWG</a></span>, Anhang III: <i>Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Effizienz des KWK-Prozesses</i>.<br> Das deutsche Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungsgesetz verwies in <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzer.de/s1.htm?g=kwkg_2002&a=9a">§ 9a</a><span style="display:none"></span></span> Abs. 2 Nr. 8 auf den Anhang dieser Richtlinie.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/zuv_2020/anhang_1.html"><i>Anhang 1 ZuV 2020 - Einzelnorm.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 19. Mai 2023</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AFinnische+Methode&rft.title=Anhang+1+ZuV+2020+-+Einzelnorm&rft.description=Anhang+1+ZuV+2020+-+Einzelnorm&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de%2Fzuv_2020%2Fanhang_1.html"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-iea-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-iea_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="International_Energy_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="International Energy Agency">International Energy Agency</a> (IEA), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) und <a href="Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> (Hrsg.): <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Energy Statistics Manual</cite>. 2005, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>48 und 147</span> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iea.org/stats/docs/statistics_manual.pdf">iea.org</a> [PDF; <span style="white-space:nowrap">1,9<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>MB</span>; abgerufen am 18. Januar 2015] Methodische Beschreibung internationaler Energiebilanzen).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Finnische+Methode&rft.btitle=Energy+Statistics+Manual&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=48+und+147" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-RL_2012/27/EU-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RL_2012/27/EU_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027">Richtlinie 2012/27/EU des Europäischen Parlamentes und des Rates vom 25. Oktober 2012 zur Energieeffizienz, zur Änderung der Richtlinien 2009/125/EG und 2010/30/EU und zur Aufhebung der Richtlinien 2004/8/EG und 2006/32/EG</a></span>, Anhang II: <i>Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Effizienz des KWK-Prozesses</i>.<br>Das deutsche Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungsgesetz verweist in <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzer.de/s1.htm?g=kwkg&a=31">§ 31</a><span style="display:none"></span></span> Abs. 2 Nr. 13 auf den Anhang dieser Richtlinie.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-vdi4661-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-vdi4661_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (Hrsg.): <cite style="font-style:italic">Richtlinie VDI 4661 <i>Energiekenngrößen : Definitionen – Begriffe – Methodik</i></cite>. September 2003, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>27</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Finnische+Methode&rft.btitle=Richtlinie+VDI+4661+Energiekenngr%C3%B6%C3%9Fen+%3A+Definitionen+-+Begriffe+-+Methodik&rft.date=2003-09&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=27" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-kalt2013-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-kalt2013_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-kalt2013_9-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Gerald Kalt: <cite style="font-style:italic">Primärenergiefaktoren von fossilen und erneuerbaren Energieträgern, Strom und Fernwärme im Zeitraum 2000 bis 2011</cite>. Teilbericht des Projektes „Erweiterung der Monitoringmethoden im Sinne der RL 2006/32/EG um Primärenergieeinsparungen sowie Berechnung der Primärenergieeffekte der Ziele der Energiestrategie Österreich im Hinblick auf den Entwurf der Energieeffizienzrichtlinie der Europäischen Kommission COM(2011) 370 final“. Hrsg.: Österreichische Energieagentur. Wien Juni 2013, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>f</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmwfw.gv.at/EnergieUndBergbau/Energieeffizienz/PublishingImages/PEF_ESD%20Teilbericht%201%20-%202013-06-17.pdf">bmwfw.gv.at</a> [PDF; <span style="white-space:nowrap">965<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>kB</span>; abgerufen am 23. Februar 2015]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Finnische+Methode&rft.au=Gerald+Kalt&rft.btitle=Prim%C3%A4renergiefaktoren+von+fossilen+und+erneuerbaren+Energietr%C3%A4gern%2C+Strom+und+Fernw%C3%A4rme+im+Zeitraum+2000+bis+2011&rft.date=2013-06&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=7f.&rft.place=Wien" style="display:none"> </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140704165947/https://www.bmwfw.gv.at/EnergieUndBergbau/Energieeffizienz/PublishingImages/PEF_ESD%20Teilbericht%201%20-%202013-06-17.pdf">Online als PDF</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> des <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmwfw.gv.at%2FEnergieUndBergbau%2FEnergieeffizienz%2FPublishingImages%2FPEF_ESD%2520Teilbericht%25201%2520-%25202013-06-17.pdf">Originals</a></span> vom 4. Juli 2014 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) <small class="archiv-bot"><span class="wp_boppel noviewer" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="i"></span></span></span> <b>Info:</b> Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.</small><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://IABotmemento.invalid/https://www.bmwfw.gv.at/EnergieUndBergbau/Energieeffizienz/PublishingImages/PEF_ESD%20Teilbericht%201%20-%202013-06-17.pdf">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmwfw.gv.at/EnergieUndBergbau/Energieeffizienz/PublishingImages/PEF_ESD%20Teilbericht%201%20-%202013-06-17.pdf">@2</a></span><span style="display:none">Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.bmwfw.gv.at</span></span>
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